1) Faqeer: Wo shaks hai jiske paas kuch ho magar itna na ho ke Nisab ko pahoch jaaye, ya Nisab ki Miqdar ho to Uski Hajat e Asaliya bhi Usme Shamil ho. The Constant Gardener: A Novel. 7 C. Fatawa e Ahlesunnat Ahkam e Roza o Itikaf -. The Muslims entitled to receive zakat have eight categories. The complete “Bismillah” is revealed in Sura:. Khalif Ursad. Consumers of Zakat /Masarif-e-Zakat are a. The grounds of this donation apply to all disposable income, qualifying property, and other assets. 4. In Arabic, infaq literally means ‘to spend’ and fi sabilillah means ‘in the way of Allah’. Itulah. The specific percentage varies depending on the interpretation of Islamic law, but it is typically 2. Submitted by: Abid Multani. Zakat and Fitrana are two important forms of obligatory charity, designed to help those in need and promote a sense of. Poultry Farm (Murgi Farm) Ki Zakat. Zakat administrators. Christians c. Book: Sahih Bukhari, Chapter: Zakat, Hadees No. Difference Between Zakat and Tax in Urdu | زکوۃ او. 1200. Kia Masjid Banana Zakat ke Masarif Mein Hai? | زکو. Zakat and Fitrana. Syed Ali Akbar Bokhari 7. (1) Fuqara: yani aam gareeb log jin ke paas itna maal o daulat nahi jis par zakat wajib hoti hai. Recipient # 4 – TO WIN HEARTS. Whether it is the Zakat of dignity or the Zakat of Shria, the Masarif-e-Zakat remains the same. They are required to donate 2. Difference Between Zakat and Tax in Urdu | زکوۃ او. Answer: Zakah paid for the agricultural produce which has been grown for the purpose of obtaining benefit from land is called Ushr. Zakat Meaning. Sultan-ul-Ashiqeen Hazrat Sakhi Sultan Mohammad Najib-ur-Rehman is undoubtedly the present spiritual leader of Sarwari Qadri Order of Sultan Bahoo RA. Usa Loan News Updates. The debt-ridden. Recommended for young students and all also for those who need to brush up. So, Infaq fi sabilillah is spending in the way of Allah for achieving His goodwill and consent. Fazer o download agora mesmo. زكوة كا مال كن لوگوں پر خرچ کیا جا سکتا ہے؟مال زكوة كے صحيح حقدارزکوة كس كو دے سکتے ہیں؟حضرت علامہ مولانا ابو. Rao Ur Rehman Student. In Quran, 8 masarif (i. . 8 masarif e zakat in urdu | who is eligible for zakat rules in Quran زکوۃ کے مصارف video link. . —(1) This Ordinance may be called the Zakat and Ushr Ordinance, 1980. Mobile Apps. The wisdom in it is that those leading their lives in extreme destitution would be helped out. Zakat administrators. This is official YouTube channel of Maulana Qari Aijaz Ahmad Islahi, Teaching at Madarsatul Islah, Sa. MS Excel Salary Calculator 2021 has updated for Employees. It will also explain what the goals of zakat in Islamic law and a description of what needs to be subject to zakat. blessed Sayyids ), whether the payer is a Hashmi or non-Hashmi. . Aqeeda. Read moreRights like Promotion, Upgradation, Increment, etc can't be Taken Back from a Government Servant - 2020 PLC C. The holy Quran and Sunnat has given strong instructions to the Muslims to perform Namaz on time. Notu Se Zakat Kaise Ada Kare | نوٹوں سے زکوۃ کی اد. . the Zakah-payer is amongst their descendants) such as. Ushar (Faslon Ki Zakat) Kay Mutaliq Sawal Jawab. Muslims are encouraged to emulate the Messenger of Allah (S. Fazail-e-Quran-e-Majeed By Mohammad Iqbal Kilani. Beneficiaries of Zakat | Islamic Relief Worldwide – Zakah cannot be given to the following Muslims, even if they are Shar’i Faqeer: Banu Hashim (i. زکاة کی ادائیگی گناہوں کا کفارہ اور. DOWNLOAD OPTIONS download 1 file. Urdu Fatwa Can Zakat Be Given to Islamic School? |. The present book sets out to be a source of enlightenment to one of the fundamental principles of Islam called Zakat. This value fluctuates slightly every day. Jews b. Zakat Kay Masarif | Dr Farhat HashmiRegardless of whether it is zakat of sharia or zakat of dignity, the category of deserving recipients remains the same. 3 years ago. Performance Evaluation Report (PER) Format 2021 – allpaknotifications. Our objective is to spread the trusted Islamic Teachings in various fields of life. Therefore, those Muslims who have enough wealth have to give a little amount i. Jis jagah par poultry farm hai us jagah aur imarat par zakat nahi hai, poultry farm me jo murgiyan pali jti hain, wah 2 tarah ki hoti hain 1 eggs wali murgiyan, 2 sell ya bechne wali murgiyan, agar eggs wali murgiyan hon to saal pura hone ke baad sirf eggs par zakat ho gi murgiyon par zakat nahi hogi, aur. 2) Miskeen. Mar. MOD Assistant Director Paper MCQs 4-12-2022 Click Here. About 640 of these books have been published so far. Jump to Page . 352 Once a right (like Promotion, Upgradation, Increment, etc) was created by extending benefit. The present book sets out to be a source of enlightenment to one of the fundamental principles of Islam called Zakat. 10 to Rs. Zakat administrators. Fatawa-e-Ahl-e-Sunnat Ahkam-e-Zakat. Δعلاماتِ قیامت کا بیان از شیخ محمد اقبال کیلانی. Islamophobia Paper. The Definition Of Zakat. ZAKAT ki # Heela_Sharaii kab? Jab Quran o Hadees me Bayan Karda Masarif e Zakat mein se koi bhi Mustahique na rahe Jaye, tab Zakat ke Mal Ko Heela e Sharai Karke Kisi Aur Nek Kaam Me Lagaya Jaa sakta hai. Imad Ali; November 17, 2022; Leave a Comment on The very first revelation was made while the Holy Prophet (SAW) was: The very first revelation was made while the Holy Prophet (SAW) was: A. Exclusive of debt and all such wealth[1] being used in [the fulfillment of] Hajat-e-Asliyyah [bare necessities of life], the conditions for a person to be entitled to Zakah [i. Zakat (Nisaab, Recipients and Calculation) Ramadan is the month of giving and benevolence. LOG IN REGISTER. 1966). Hazrat abu huraira (R Z) kahte hain ki: Rasulullah (S A W) ne farmaya ki Allah tala kahte hain ki: ai insaan tu meri raah faqiron aur muhtajon par par kharch kar mai tere maal me barkat deta rahon ga, aur tera maal khatam nahi hoga badhta rahe ga. ignorant of the teachings of the Quran and the Prophet (g). masarif zakat in urdu5. All about: The Best Islamic Informative Videos:) Pls Share, Support, SubscribeH. Notification | Minimum Monthly Wages of Un-skilled Workers and the Juvenile Workers in all the Industrial / Commercial Establishment in the I. 5% of your wealth. Zakat (Farziat,Ahmiyat aur Masarif) (زکٰوۃ (فرضیت، اہمیت اور مصارف)) 9th class Islamiyat Unit C Mozuati Mutalla online lecture. types of people to whom Zakat money can be given) have been described; one should discharge their Zakat money in one or more of those masarif. Leave a Reply Cancel reply. Zakat administrators. net) Forestrypedia (forestrypedia. zakat kis par farz hai4. EUR. About 29 videos for "zakat in quran" Searched among 542,574,308 Youtube Videos in global. Zakat ke Fazail o Masail | Masarif e Zakat | Part 3Zakat in Urdu. Addeddate 2018-06-13 17:47:35 Identifier MasailEZakatUrdu Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t2m68cd0z The Quran does not provide specific guidelines on which types of wealth are taxable under the zakat, nor how much is to be donated, and Islamic scholars differ on how much nisab is and other aspects of zakat. Both ways will give you the same results: PKR 850,000 * 0. g. Mazeed Esi Islamic Informative Videos dekhnay Aur new Videos se up. This word is written in Roman Urdu. Read and share the book in others. 140 | English | Urdu. It can be cash, the value of gold, silver, or other precious metals, stocks price, investments, and any property that generates money. Read the authentic Hadees book by Imam Muslim. Sura Hujurat b. In the cause of God. join rekhta family! Sign up and enjoy FREE unlimited access to a whole Universe of Urdu Poetry, Language Learning, Sufi Mysticism, Rare Texts . txt) or read online for free. A. . Masarif of Zakat: 1. Masarif e Zakat in Detail The complete details of the way to withdraw zakat from Rs. . Sadaqah-al-fitr og zakah. The needy (al-masakin) 3. (9:5) But when the sacred months expire [6] slay those who associate others with Allah in His Divinity wherever you find them; seize them, and besiege them, and lie in wait for them. Talking about the syllabus of Islamiat of 9th class. Here is the list of eight recipients of Zakat who can accept Zakat: 1. 10 d. . Read Here About Calculate Your Zakat the Right Way in 2023 , SI. zakat in URDU - Free download as PDF File (. Zakat Ke Aham Masail Urdu. حديث شريف ميں ہے: عَنْ أَبِيْ ھُرَيرۃَ قَالَ: أَخَذَ حَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ مِنْ تَمَرِ الصَّدَقَۃِ فَجَعَلَھَا فِيْ فَيہ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ صَلَّی اللہُ تَعَالٰی عَلَیْہِ وَسَلَّمَ : ''کِخْ. 4. 5 Tola Silver. Masarif Meaning in English - Find the correct meaning of Masarif in English, it is important to understand the word properly when we translate it from Urdu to English. Answer. Amazon. Respected viewers, this video reveals The main jurisprudence issues of zakat. Sawal 1 : Zakat Kise Kehte Hain? Jawab : Zakat Arkaane Islam Ka Ek Aham Rukn Hai Jise Sadqa-E-Wajiba Bhi Kehte Hain. The poor 2. اس کتاب میں آپ پڑھ سکیں گے زکوٰۃ فرض ہے، زکوٰۃ کب فرض ہوئی؟،. Zakat. 6 D. It is a registered publication house under IPO Act 2012 (16) and Trade Mark Act of Pakistan. A specific ratio is defined by the Islam on which you have to pay Zakat. Speech On Zakat in urdu. 8, Hadees No. Zakat Ke Masail | Biwi Ka Haq Meher Aur Zakat | بی. Silver – the value of 612. S. Search results . At his home B. Zakat Ki Fazeelat Aur Ahmiyat hum pichhle article me jaan chuke hain, aur yah bhi jaan chuke hain ki Zakat Kis Par Wajib Hai? ab agar kisi aadmi par zakat farz ho gayi ho to uske mind me yah sawal paida hoga ki mai zakat kis ko dun? to hamara yah article isi se related hai ki zakat kis ko dena chahiye, ya masarif. 4. The. زکوة اور اسلام میں اسکے مسائل 3. Zakat is 2. New Muslims and friends of the Muslim community. 0% 0% found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful. Correct Answer: C. It addresses everyone interested in Islamic studies and Sufism as well as reade. Who traveling with few resources. . The poor (al-fuqarâ’) 2. Purpose — This paper aims to analyze whether zakat management organizations need a blockchain zakat system in maintaining transparency of zakat management which can have an impact on increasing. g. e. 6. 3) Aamil. Chapter 3 – Ilm Ki Farziyat o Fazeelat. 48g of gold. Masarif-e-Zakat. (Qaraz denay walay) 7. . Respected viewers, this video reveals The main jurisprudence issues of zakat. 8. Poems Stories Learn Urdu Islamic Videos. Faisal Basra Software Engineer at InfoTech Pakistan. Search inside document . Discover the world's research. 8 masarif e zakat in urdu No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or . Zakat in Islam - Masail e Zakat in Urdu What is Zakat in Islam - Find information about Zakat in Urdu, with detailed articles written by famous scholars - Who is eligible for. #ZakatKaMasarif #MolanaMasoodNqb #ZakatKaNisaabKiaHai#KetnayPesoParZakatAatihay#ZakatKiSharait WabsaidWayfarer (Travelers) Zakat can be given to a traveler who is left alone in a foreign land and is in need of money to get back to his destination or to fulfill his objective of traveling. Ahkam e Quran Ep 131| Rules Of Quran | Zakat Kay Masail | Zakat kay Masarif |Mufti Ali Asghar AttariZakat Kya Hai Or Kesay Nekalain | زکوٰۃ کیا ہے اور کیسے ن. Other possible Urdu translations for Operating Cost include "Masarif amal kaari ". pdf), Text File (. Zakat is compulsory on every adult Muslim who owns a specific amount of wealth for an uninterrupted full year. See Also in Arabic. The Qur’an describes Zakat as: The means by which to attain Allah’s mercy. New Muslims and friends of the Muslim community. He is an Environmentalist, Blogger, YouTuber, Developer & Vlogger. W. Vigtige oplysninger vedr. Imprimir. Masarif of Zakat 1. in. com), Essayspedia, etc & their YouTube Channels). Urdu Fatwa Can Zakat Be Given to Islamic School? |. Leave a Reply. 1. Chapter 4 – Zakat. e. booksbylanguage_urdu;. It is narrated on the authority of ('Abdullah) son of Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) that the. however, if somebody fails to perform Namaz on time and it remains un-performed, it is necessary to perform it as soon as possible. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. (1) Fuqara: yani aam gareeb log jin ke paas itna maal o daulat nahi jis par zakat wajib hoti hai. 21, 2013 • 4 likes • 15,332 views. The nisab (or minimum amount) of gold and golden currency is 20 mithqal, this is approximately 85 grams of pure gold. Zakat ke Masarif 7 hain. However, the amount of zakat paid on capital assets (e. e. comment. The Computerized National Identity Card (CNIC) will be considered the health card for the permanent residents of the province. The khanqah to be named as Khanqah Sultan ul Ashiqeen and the the masjid to be titled as Masjid al-Zahra. Zakat works as a localized and targeted intervention approach compared to the taxation system, which is a centralized and generalized intervention approach. (Qaraz denay walay) 7. Masarif e Zakat ki Tarjihaat. 32 (last updated 2023-10-30 12:00:19). It contains soulful articles on all kinds of topics related to Islam like Masarif e Zakat etc. masarif zakat in urdu5. 07 Masarif e Zakat ka Bayaan (Vol-7) 07 Masarif e Zakat ka Bayaan (Vol-7) Category : Hamara Islam Volume-7 | Language : Urdu. . nasab e zakat6. اگر سونے کا نصاب مکمل ہو اور چاندی کا نامکمل، نابالغ اور پاگل پر زکوٰۃ، مالِ تجارت اور اس کی زکوٰۃ، ملازمین کو ملنے والے. . Hadith About Zakat is A Pillar of Islam 1. Masarif-e-Zakat D. Islam for Everyone - Islamic Articles - Bayanat - Dars-e-Quran. 8 b. Islam Me Zakat Ki Ahmiyat Islam ka tisra aham Rukn Zakat hai, Quran me 70 se zada jaghon par Namaz ke sath zakat ka zikr aaya hai, in dono ka… 0 Comments August 17, 2018Zakat ke Masail pdf download free, Masarif e Zakat, Zakat kis ko deni chahiye, Zakat ka nisab in Urdu. A must have handbook of Zakat in Urdu. Hence, masarif e zakat in english means those who should be given zakat or sadaqah in any form. Zakat ke 8 masarif in quran-who is eligible for zakatBy Iqbal Kilani Taught By Dr. Zakat ke masail2. Sura Ikhlas 19. اسلام آباد تمام عارضی ملازمین ڈیلی. Urdu Point provides the information and quotes of 100 great personalities. They should be given zakah to meet their needs. Masarif e Zakat; Balochistan Notifications. The Recipients of Zakat (Masarif-e-Zakat) 41 The Real Purpose of Spending in the Way of Allah 47 Glossary 49 Index 51 . 6۔. Search Search Title: Zakkat K Masarif : Embed code in your website: Share it to: Zakat Aur Rozay K Read MoreMasarif e Zakat in Detail The complete details of the way to withdraw zakat from Rs. 5% of their total wealth to those in need. Read Islamic articles about مصارف زکوٰة and other important Islamic articles about Quran, Hadees, Namaz, Ramadan and more. [9:60] The alms are meant only for the poor 61 and the needy 62 and those who are in charge thereof, 63 those whose hearts are to be reconciled, 64 and to free those in bondage, 65 and to help those burdened with debt, 66 and for expenditure in the Way of Allah 67 and for the wayfarer. A. He is the CEO of Tech Urdu (techurdu. It stands as the third of Islam’s five pillars. (kulbushan(raw agent) ko kahn sa arrest ki). This tool displays the latest figures/prices (updated daily) for Nisâb (threshold when Zakâh becomes payable) and Mahr (dower/bridal gift). $890. For example: The gold price per gram is $54. See more ideas about islamic information, islam, computer books. Difference Between Zakat and Tax in Urdu | زکوۃ او. Download Files MP3. In line with Islamic traditions, each S 𝗗𝗢𝗡𝗔𝗧𝗘 𝗨𝗦 𝗨𝗣𝗜 𝗜𝗗: 𝗜𝗥𝗖𝗘𝗪𝗧@𝗦𝗕𝗜 . Blessings of Zakah Presented in Urdu by Majlis Al-Madina-tul-‘Ilmiyyah (Dawat-e-Islami) Translated into English by Majlis-e-Tarajim (The Translation Department of Dawat-e-Islami)zakat k 8 masarif in urdu. These notes are for all Punjab Boards like Sahiwal Board, Multan Board, Lahore Boards, Sargodha Board, Gujranwala Board, Rawalpindi Board etc. com), All Pak Notifications (allpaknotifications. The division of “Uloom-e-Khamsa” is prescribed by: A. In the name of Allah the Most Gracious the Ever Merciful In Part 1 the two purposes of Zakat (تطھرھم و تزکیھم) were discussed. Zakat has the power to change the world. net) Forestrypedia (forestrypedia. There is a condition that the person should be traveling for a lawful purpose otherwise he is not entitled to receive zakat. A person’s lineal ascendants (i. Zakat. . Zakat, or zakat al-mal, is the obligatory alms upon wealth. Follow our social media accounts for daily updates. It is incorrect to give Zakat to a person who is a Syed by lineage. Masarif-e-Zakat means the recipients of Zakat or people eligible to receive Zakat. Zakat (alms) is the name of what a believer returns out of his or. Com. For every sane, adult Muslim who owns. (5) Vans, cars, motorcycle. Like Aur Comment Karna Hargiz Mat bhooliye ga. 7 C. 15, 2016 • 3 likes • 1,193 views. This book is the translation of the Urdu text „Haqeeqat-e-Zakat‟ written by the present Shaikh of the Sarwari Qadri Order, Sultan-ul-Ashiqeen Khadim. The Spiritual Reality of Zakat Islam Me Zakat Ki Ahmiyat. ابراہیم شاہ Main Menu. Children Moral stories and Stories with lessons for kids. 02 Zakaat Farz hone ki Shartein (Vol-7) Category : Hamara Islam Volume-7 | Language : Urdu Series : Hamara Islam 03 Janwaron me Zakaat ka Bayaan (Vol-7)In Arabic, Zakat is a remarkable word. 1, pp. Zakat Ke Masail | Biwi Ka Haq Meher Aur Zakat | بی. Those in slavery. Masarif-e-Zakat is the “recipient of Zakat” or those eligible to receive Zakat. 25 grams. masarif 'iidaria administrative expenses. Asmay Elahi ke Ijazat or Zakat k Tareqay. 1966). Subscribe to our YouTube Channel for more videos : #AzZuhaa #Introduction of Az-Zuhaa Islamic InstituteThank You for WatchingPlease feel free to share this v. اِنَّمَا الصَّدَقٰتُ لِلْفُقَرَآءِ وَ الْمَسٰكِیْنِ وَ الْعٰمِلِیْنَ عَلَیْهَا وَ الْمُؤَلَّفَةِ. He is an Environmentalist, Blogger, YouTuber, Developer & Vlogger. Notify me of new comments via email. NISAB VALUE (as of 24/03/2022) NISAB VALUE (as of 24/03/2023) (Silver) 612. Durood Shareef K Masail By Mohammad Iqbal Kilani. 5% (1/40). One hadith can lead to prosperity prevailing everywhere. Hence, the above verse clearly names the eight categories of people who are entitled to receive sadaqah and zakat. فقیر، مسکین، عامل. Zakat Elfitr. . Except for the people who collect It (al-aamileen). 7. slaves and captives. Zakat Ke Masarif in Urdu (Article No. Masarif e Zakat, 8 types of Zakat receiver. . Fakir; Poor ; Amyl ; Rivalry ; Garim ; For the sake of Allah ; Ibn Sabeel; Who traveling with few resources. 6. e. Solved Answer of MCQ How many recipient of Zakat (Masarif e Zakat) are there? - (a) 2 - (b) 4 - (c) 6 - (d) 8 - Zakat and Ushr Multiple Choice Question- MCQtimes. Zakat ke Mukhtasir Masail. Masarif e zakat ? ‘ insaniyat’ sifat ki kaunsi kism hy ? Dada ne Akbar— hai ? Kaunse urdu word me Ism marfa aur nakra dono shamil hain ? Hama— kaha ? Will you clean the floor? The young boy asked which way they had gone? Madar e millat in me se kia hai ? Urdu ka lufz ‘Jo’ grammar ki lihaz — hai ? Urdu ka lufz ‘aur’ grammar ki. Find out most popular and trending Urdu books right here. one year-old she-camel) as Zakat, and he did not have it but had got Bint Labun (two year old she-camel). (619) Electrical Engineering mcqs. Sultan Bahoo is the most perfect Saint whose status of accomplishments is undisputed to date. Kia Masjid Banana Zakat ke Masarif Mein Hai? | زکو. Therefore there is no difference of opinions between Islamic scholars on the legitimacy of these two categories to receive Zakat. . Zakat book in Urdu pdf download. Backbiting / Gheebat has been condemned in a. . About Zakat زكاة Kay Masail Ki Maloomat in Urdu. زکات اور عشر جمع کرنے والوں کو زکات کی رقم سے تنخواہ ادا کرنے کا حکم؟. This book is the translation of the Urdu text „Haqeeqat-e-Zakat‟ written by the present Shaikh of the Sarwari Qadri Order, Sultan-ul-Ashiqeen Khadim. Action Games Pool Games Racings Games Sports Games Cards Games Adventure Games. 9 c. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers TermsLyrics, Song Meanings, Videos, Full Albums & Bios: Heliant Trance, Heilige Kakerlak, Belkiss das Irrlicht, Lunatick Lami, Astomreich (Schwarzwald mix), Cymalg. 10 to Rs. . Kia Masjid Banana Zakat ke Masarif Mein Hai? | زکو. For information about whom you should give Zakat to, you can read the Quranic verse on Masarif-e-Zakat, i. net) Forestrypedia (forestrypedia. can provide clean water to 3 families for one month during an. A. Zakat Ke Masail | Biwi Ka Haq Meher Aur Zakat | بی. Notu Se Zakat Kaise Ada Kare | نوٹوں سے زکوۃ کی اد. Read Book Haqeeqat-e-Zakat by abul ala maudoodi on Rekhta Urdu books library. ETEA Junior Clerk Solved Mcqs held on 24-12-2022 Click Here. If you want to know about 100 great personalities you should visit this web page. Scrunity of information for the year 2020 uploaded by your. The needy (al-masakin) 3. Mahmood Ghazi Usul e Fiqh 2011 by Dr. All about: The Best Islamic Informative Videos:) Pls Share, Support, SubscribeH. Masarif of Zakat 1. Notify me of new posts via email. Download In: MP4 MP3 MP3 SHARE LEAVE A REPLY. . zakat ke masarif | masarif e zakat in urdu | 8 masarif e zakat | masarif e zakat in quran | ZAKAT #zakat #zakatkemasail #zakatkimiqdar #zakatkiskodein #masarifezakat. Zakat berasal dari kata "zaka" yang artinya suci, baik, berkah, tumbuh, dan berkembang. Vigtige oplysninger vedr. Masarif-e-Zakat is the “recipient of Zakat” or those eligible to receive Zakat. Sahih Muslim Hadith book in Urdu. 3 min read. counteraccount. Zakaat k Masarif. Search Result. . ), to assess and pay their Zakat during the month of Ramadan, thus combining the two Pillars of Islam at the same time. The recipients of zakat are known as masaraf of zakat. Imam Ke Peechay Namaz Ka Tarika | Imam E Zamana Ki. The needy 3.